Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta "ECDC". Mostrar todas las entradas
Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta "ECDC". Mostrar todas las entradas
martes, 9 de agosto de 2016
Actualizaciones de datos de casos y mapas de Aedes en la UE
En la actualización de los viernes del ECDC de sus informes sobre la situación epidemiológica correspondiente al 5 de agosto dice entre otras cosas:
EU/EEA imported cases
Since week 45/2015, 18 countries (Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and the UK) have reported 1 136 travel-associated Zika virus infections through The European Surveillance System (TESSy). -
Con respecto a los ECDC Mosquito maps actualizado a Julio de 2016 se recoge información sobre:
Aedes Aegypti, Aedes Albopictus, Aedes Atropalpus, Aedes Japonicus y Aedes Koreicus destacando que en Turkía se ha detectado Ae Aegypti.
Con relación a la Comunidad Autónoma de Valencia, se desprendería de los mapas que en las provincias de Castellón y Valencia no hay datos sobre la presencia del Ae Ae, cosa que me parece extraño, puesto que sí hay vigilancia y conocimiento de que hay Ae Al, que no se sepa si hay ó no Ae Ae es un poco raro ya que se capture adultos o larvas, se clasifica lo que se encuentra. Por lo visto en prensa, por los acuerdos firmados por los ayuntamientos con el Servicio de Plagas de la Universidad de Valencia, éste y los ayuntamientos correspondientes sí tienen información sobre si hay ó no estos mosquitos
jueves, 14 de julio de 2016
Casos importados en EU a 8 de julio de 2016
Aunque el curso de LSHTM me tiene bastante ocupado, he dado un vistazo a ECDC y veo que el 8 de julio publicaron Epidemiological situation
y entre otras cosas dicen:
EU/EEA imported cases
Since week 45/2015, fourteen countries (Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Norway, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and the UK) reported 862 travel-associated Zika virus infections through The European Surveillance System.
As of 7 July 2016, ECDC has detected 1 028 imported cases through epidemic intelligence activities. This information is aggregated from official EU/EEA public health authorities websites but is not based on a systematic reporting surveillance system hence cannot be considered exhaustive.
Los casos no de viajeros ( 1.028 menos 862, = 166 supongo son de transmisión sexual y otros mecanismos, aunque no sé cual
EU’s Outermost Regions and Territories As of 7 July 2016:
Guadeloupe: 20 070 suspected cases have been detected, an increase of 2 650 suspected cases since last week. The weekly number of cases is not decreasing yet.
French Guiana: 8 715 suspected cases have been detected, an increase of 260 since last week. The weekly number of cases has been increasing compared to the previous three weeks.
Martinique: 32 400 suspected cases have been reported, an increase of 640 since last week. The weekly number of cases has been stable over the last four weeks.
St Barthélemy: 185 suspected cases have been detected, an increase of 55 suspected cases since last week. The weekly number of cases is still increasing.
St Martin: 1 260 suspected cases have been detected, an increase of 165 suspected cases since last week. The weekly number of cases has decreased compared to the previous week. -
viernes, 1 de julio de 2016
Reunión de profesionales de salud organizada por la EC sobre ZIKV
Los pasados día 20 y 21 de Junio la Comisión Europea, a través de la DSG de Salud y Seguridad Alimentaria , ha auspiciado reuniones en los ámbito de transporte, turismo y profesionales de la salud. Aquí, Flash report from the meetings with the transport, tourism and health Professionals sectors on the Zika virus disease on 20-21 June 2016
el resumen.
Entre lo comunicado, la próxima publicación de casos de infecciones de ZIKV en la UE a través de un único mecanismo:
"ECDC informed that MS report on the cases of Zika virus through the European Surveillance System (TESSy) since end of May. The reported information will feed into weekly reports"
En la reunió se ha hecho la siguiente aportación de la Academia Europea de Neurología:
The European Academy of Neurology (EAN) shared their experience from a recent conference where the possible impact of Zika virus on the adult population in Europe was
discussed. A worst case scenario for Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) was developed where
the current number of GBS cases, 1 per 100 000 individuals per year would increase to 5-10
per 100 000 per year, if the whole adult population in Europe were infected. Such situation
would entrain an increase in capacity for neuro-emergency care, neuro-critical care and neurorehabilitation (minimum one third of GBS cases need neurocritical care management, i.e.
artificial ventilation, stabilization and monitoring of autonomic dysfunction, and also a third
of GBS patients still need neuro-rehabilitation six months after the onset of Guillain-Barré
Syndrome). Early diagnosis and proper use of the treatment is essential. EAN cautioned
against indiscriminate use of specific GBS treatment as iv Immunoglobulins and/or
plasmapheresis which could deplete unnecessarily much needed capacity. Much information
on Zika related health issues is available through their website.
Esta última frase nos sorprende porque no hemos encontrado mucha información en la web de la European Academy of Neurology (EAN)
el resumen.
Entre lo comunicado, la próxima publicación de casos de infecciones de ZIKV en la UE a través de un único mecanismo:
"ECDC informed that MS report on the cases of Zika virus through the European Surveillance System (TESSy) since end of May. The reported information will feed into weekly reports"
En la reunió se ha hecho la siguiente aportación de la Academia Europea de Neurología:
The European Academy of Neurology (EAN) shared their experience from a recent conference where the possible impact of Zika virus on the adult population in Europe was
discussed. A worst case scenario for Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) was developed where
the current number of GBS cases, 1 per 100 000 individuals per year would increase to 5-10
per 100 000 per year, if the whole adult population in Europe were infected. Such situation
would entrain an increase in capacity for neuro-emergency care, neuro-critical care and neurorehabilitation (minimum one third of GBS cases need neurocritical care management, i.e.
artificial ventilation, stabilization and monitoring of autonomic dysfunction, and also a third
of GBS patients still need neuro-rehabilitation six months after the onset of Guillain-Barré
Syndrome). Early diagnosis and proper use of the treatment is essential. EAN cautioned
against indiscriminate use of specific GBS treatment as iv Immunoglobulins and/or
plasmapheresis which could deplete unnecessarily much needed capacity. Much information
on Zika related health issues is available through their website.
Esta última frase nos sorprende porque no hemos encontrado mucha información en la web de la European Academy of Neurology (EAN)
lunes, 27 de junio de 2016
Riesgo de casos autóctonos de infeccion por ZIKV en EU
El ECDC ha publicado el 27 de juio de 2016 el breve documento Preparing for Zika in the EU en el que apunta entre otras cosas al mayor riesgo de tener casos autóctonos de infecciones por ZIKV en Madeira, dado que allí existe Ae Aegypti.
Habla de un brote por chikungunya en 2014 en Montpellier y lo refiere como ejemplo de lo que hay que hacer tras la aparición de un caso. En el artículo CHIKUNGUNYA OUTBREAK IN MONTPELLIER, FRANCE, SEPTEMBER TO OCTOBER 2014, publicado en Eurosurveillance, Volume 20, Issue 17, 30 April 2015 se describe las actuaciones llevadas a cabo en relación con los casos y los sistemas de vigilancia y tratamiento de los insectos en la zona.
In mainland France, since 2006, a chikungunya and dengue preparedness and contingency plan is implemented every year in vector-colonised districts. This plan aims to prevent the transmission and dissemination of these viruses [3,6]. It describes five risk levels defined according to entomological and epidemiological surveillance results. All clinically-suspected imported cases must be reported to the regional health authority in addition to mandatory notification of confirmed cases. Epidemiological investigations are then implemented as well as appropriate vector control measures in each location visited by patients during their period of viraemia. In addition, a network of laboratories practicing chikungunya and dengue diagnosis provides daily reports of their results to the French Institute of Public Health Surveillance regional boards. This enables identifying imported and autochthonous cases not already notified. A national database collects all suspected and confirmed cases identified during the season
Razonan los períodos de vigilancia:
The time after 28 July was considered as the maximal period for viral transmission from symptoms onset of the primary case to symptoms onset of the second case, considering a mosquito lifespan of maximum one month, human incubation of maximum 12 days and human viraemia of seven days.
Active case finding of suspected autochthonous cases was implemented in Montpellier and conurbation: (i) a door-to-door investigation was conducted in the neighbourhood of the autochthonous cases’ residences (200m radius). Nearly 1,000 households were targeted, representing ca 2,250 inhabitants; (ii) information on the event and a request to immediately notify all suspected autochthonous cases to the regional health authority was sent to all GPs and laboratories established in the Montpellier conurbation as well as all six emergency medical services (including the Montpellier UH). In addition, health professionals established within a 2km radius of the cases' residences were contacted by telephone (30 GPs and 11 laboratories).
Ya en una entrada anterior OMS Europa evalua el riesgo de infecciones por ZIKV, pero no hay sitio donde se recoja los casos que se van produciendo, de momento importados referíamos el comentario de la ECDC de que en Madeira y en el Mar Negro es donde hay más riesgo de casos autóctonos, transmitidos por el mosquito, dado que hay en estas zonas Aedes Aegypti.
Además de la transmisión por vector hay que considerar las transmisiones por vía sexual que los datos de Rio de Janeiro y de Colombia destacan como muy importante,
9/7/16
Veo que habla de la presencia de Ae Aegypti solo en Madeira, no en el continente. No nombra el Mar Negro como hacía en anteriores documentos.
Habla de un brote por chikungunya en 2014 en Montpellier y lo refiere como ejemplo de lo que hay que hacer tras la aparición de un caso. En el artículo CHIKUNGUNYA OUTBREAK IN MONTPELLIER, FRANCE, SEPTEMBER TO OCTOBER 2014, publicado en Eurosurveillance, Volume 20, Issue 17, 30 April 2015 se describe las actuaciones llevadas a cabo en relación con los casos y los sistemas de vigilancia y tratamiento de los insectos en la zona.
In mainland France, since 2006, a chikungunya and dengue preparedness and contingency plan is implemented every year in vector-colonised districts. This plan aims to prevent the transmission and dissemination of these viruses [3,6]. It describes five risk levels defined according to entomological and epidemiological surveillance results. All clinically-suspected imported cases must be reported to the regional health authority in addition to mandatory notification of confirmed cases. Epidemiological investigations are then implemented as well as appropriate vector control measures in each location visited by patients during their period of viraemia. In addition, a network of laboratories practicing chikungunya and dengue diagnosis provides daily reports of their results to the French Institute of Public Health Surveillance regional boards. This enables identifying imported and autochthonous cases not already notified. A national database collects all suspected and confirmed cases identified during the season
Razonan los períodos de vigilancia:
The time after 28 July was considered as the maximal period for viral transmission from symptoms onset of the primary case to symptoms onset of the second case, considering a mosquito lifespan of maximum one month, human incubation of maximum 12 days and human viraemia of seven days.
Active case finding of suspected autochthonous cases was implemented in Montpellier and conurbation: (i) a door-to-door investigation was conducted in the neighbourhood of the autochthonous cases’ residences (200m radius). Nearly 1,000 households were targeted, representing ca 2,250 inhabitants; (ii) information on the event and a request to immediately notify all suspected autochthonous cases to the regional health authority was sent to all GPs and laboratories established in the Montpellier conurbation as well as all six emergency medical services (including the Montpellier UH). In addition, health professionals established within a 2km radius of the cases' residences were contacted by telephone (30 GPs and 11 laboratories).
Ya en una entrada anterior OMS Europa evalua el riesgo de infecciones por ZIKV, pero no hay sitio donde se recoja los casos que se van produciendo, de momento importados referíamos el comentario de la ECDC de que en Madeira y en el Mar Negro es donde hay más riesgo de casos autóctonos, transmitidos por el mosquito, dado que hay en estas zonas Aedes Aegypti.
Además de la transmisión por vector hay que considerar las transmisiones por vía sexual que los datos de Rio de Janeiro y de Colombia destacan como muy importante,
9/7/16
Veo que habla de la presencia de Ae Aegypti solo en Madeira, no en el continente. No nombra el Mar Negro como hacía en anteriores documentos.
viernes, 15 de abril de 2016
El ECDC y los mosquitos nativos e invasores en Europa
Entiendo que el Ae Albopictus va a ser el protagonista en la cuenca mediterránea en los próximos meses, esperemos sea solo por sus picaduras.
Buscando información sobre su vigilancia he encontrado en el ECDC un par de guías (en inglés).
- Una para los mosquitos invasores: Guidelines for the surveillance of invasive mosquitoes in Europe
Se trata de un texto de 2012, de 100 páginas en el que se describe la estrategia para las distintas situaciones en relación con el asentamiento o no de los distintos mosquitos y de las arbovirosis que transmiten.
- Otra para la vigilancia de los mosquitos nativos o asentados de mucho tiempo en Europa: Guidelines for the surveillance of native mosquitoes in Europe
Este es un texto de 2014 de 119 páginas en el que plantea la vigilancia de los mosquitos nativos que transmiten arbovirosis.
miércoles, 13 de abril de 2016
La ECDC actualiza su Rapid Risk Assesment
El día 11 de abril de 2016 la ECDC ha publicado su quinta actualización del Rapid Risk Assesment. Me parece para leérselo del principio al final pero destacaría unos párrafos.
Situación base
Towards the end of 2014, Brazil detected a cluster of cases of febrile rash in the northeast region of the country. The diagnosis of Zika virus infection was confirmed in May 2015 by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. The Brazilian Ministry of Health estimated that in 2015 between 0.4 and 1.3 million cases of Zika virus infection occurred in the country, significantly exceeding the number of reported cases [26]. On 18 February 2016, Zika virus infection became a notifiable disease in Brazil [27]. As of 29 March 2016, all 27 Brazilian states report ongoing transmission of Zika virus.
No se entiende por qué no publica datos Brasil.
Datos de Europa
As of 5 April 2016, no autochthonous vector-borne Zika virus transmission has been reported in the continental EU. ECDC is collecting data regarding imported cases through the media and official government communication lines. As of 5 April 2016, ECDC has recorded 359 imported cases in 17 EU/EEA countries. Twenty-three of the imported cases are pregnant women. In addition, information about one confirmed case was published following the diagnosis in a Slovenian hospital [31].The number of imported cases reported is not based on systematic reporting through surveillance systems and hence cannot be considered exhaustive.
Several outermost regions (OMR) and overseas countries and territories (OCT) continue to report autochthonous transmission: French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint Martin and Sint Maarten.
Microcephaly and congenital central nervous system malformations
Hace una revisión de la información sobre microcefalias y afectaciones neurológicas muy interesante
Habla del riesgo de transmisión mediante productos de origen humano (SoHo)
Estudio de de seguimiento de: Zika congenital syndrome in Europe.
ECDC is developing a framework for the surveillance of Zika virus infection in EU/EEA Member States and specific surveillance of Zika congenital syndrome in Europe. EU surveillance would aim to monitor the occurrence of autochthonous Zika virus infections and support assessment of the risk of local transmission in the EU/EEA in order to trigger appropriate control measures, especially in receptive areas where the vector is present. Surveillance objectives are: i) early detection of autochthonous Zika virus infections; ii) timely detection of imported Zika virus infections in regions where the vector is established; iii) support for the assessment of the risk of local transmission in the EU/EEA
Risk related to mass gatherings (JJOO)
Hace una previsión de riesgo para los JJOO basado en el modelo dengue, como hicimos en esta entrada con la diferencia que contábamos con poder tener datos de Brasil para poder ver si el modelo era el adecuado.
Lo compara con la Copa el Mundo de 2014:
An analysis of the 2014 World Cup in Brazil indicated the following:
The density of dengue cases in Brazil was very low in the southern hemisphere (mid-June to mid-September). Therefore, the risk of vector-borne transmission of Zika virus infection during the Olympic Games is expected to be low – by analogy with the transmission of dengue which involves the same vectors [76].
Only three exported cases of dengue fever were reported among returning travellers who attended the event [76]. The estimated expected number of dengue cases among the 600 000 foreign tourists during the World Cup was 33 (range 3 to 59) according to a modelling exercise conducted before the event
Previmos: altas incidencias en las semanas 9 a 19, caídas de la 20 a 28 y muy bajas tasas de incidencia y casos de la semana 29 a la 41.
Ahora no sabemos donde estamos, y entiendo que la ECDC tampoco lo sabe.
Al final de la corrida el asunto es que será invierno en Brasil y habrá pocos mosquitos, aunque
Although the probability of being bitten by an infected mosquito is expected to be very low during the events, it cannot be excluded that Zika-infected travellers will return to regions of the EU where competent vectors are active. This may create an opportunity for local vector-borne transmission.
Risk of importation and transmission in the continental EU
The risk of transmission of Zika virus infection is extremely low in the EU during the early spring season as the climatic conditions are not suitable for the activity of the Aedes albopictus mosquitoes.
The suitable conditions for Aedes albopictus activity will increase progressively during the spring (April to June) especially in southern Europe. For the months April to June, the International Research Institute for Climate and Society of the Earth Institute (University of Colombia, US) predicts above-normal temperatures in western Europe coinciding with a normal precipitation pattern, which might result in an early start of the mosquito activity season in southern Europe [86].
During the summer season most likely from July by analogy with other mosquito-borne disease transmission in the EU, autochthonous transmission in the continental EU following the introduction of the virus by a viraemic traveller is possible in areas where Aedes albopictus is established
Situación base
Towards the end of 2014, Brazil detected a cluster of cases of febrile rash in the northeast region of the country. The diagnosis of Zika virus infection was confirmed in May 2015 by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. The Brazilian Ministry of Health estimated that in 2015 between 0.4 and 1.3 million cases of Zika virus infection occurred in the country, significantly exceeding the number of reported cases [26]. On 18 February 2016, Zika virus infection became a notifiable disease in Brazil [27]. As of 29 March 2016, all 27 Brazilian states report ongoing transmission of Zika virus.
No se entiende por qué no publica datos Brasil.
Datos de Europa
As of 5 April 2016, no autochthonous vector-borne Zika virus transmission has been reported in the continental EU. ECDC is collecting data regarding imported cases through the media and official government communication lines. As of 5 April 2016, ECDC has recorded 359 imported cases in 17 EU/EEA countries. Twenty-three of the imported cases are pregnant women. In addition, information about one confirmed case was published following the diagnosis in a Slovenian hospital [31].The number of imported cases reported is not based on systematic reporting through surveillance systems and hence cannot be considered exhaustive.
Several outermost regions (OMR) and overseas countries and territories (OCT) continue to report autochthonous transmission: French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint Martin and Sint Maarten.
Microcephaly and congenital central nervous system malformations
Habla del riesgo de transmisión mediante productos de origen humano (SoHo)
Estudio de de seguimiento de: Zika congenital syndrome in Europe.
ECDC is developing a framework for the surveillance of Zika virus infection in EU/EEA Member States and specific surveillance of Zika congenital syndrome in Europe. EU surveillance would aim to monitor the occurrence of autochthonous Zika virus infections and support assessment of the risk of local transmission in the EU/EEA in order to trigger appropriate control measures, especially in receptive areas where the vector is present. Surveillance objectives are: i) early detection of autochthonous Zika virus infections; ii) timely detection of imported Zika virus infections in regions where the vector is established; iii) support for the assessment of the risk of local transmission in the EU/EEA
Risk related to mass gatherings (JJOO)
Hace una previsión de riesgo para los JJOO basado en el modelo dengue, como hicimos en esta entrada con la diferencia que contábamos con poder tener datos de Brasil para poder ver si el modelo era el adecuado.
Lo compara con la Copa el Mundo de 2014:
An analysis of the 2014 World Cup in Brazil indicated the following:
The density of dengue cases in Brazil was very low in the southern hemisphere (mid-June to mid-September). Therefore, the risk of vector-borne transmission of Zika virus infection during the Olympic Games is expected to be low – by analogy with the transmission of dengue which involves the same vectors [76].
Only three exported cases of dengue fever were reported among returning travellers who attended the event [76]. The estimated expected number of dengue cases among the 600 000 foreign tourists during the World Cup was 33 (range 3 to 59) according to a modelling exercise conducted before the event
Previmos: altas incidencias en las semanas 9 a 19, caídas de la 20 a 28 y muy bajas tasas de incidencia y casos de la semana 29 a la 41.
Ahora no sabemos donde estamos, y entiendo que la ECDC tampoco lo sabe.
Al final de la corrida el asunto es que será invierno en Brasil y habrá pocos mosquitos, aunque
Although the probability of being bitten by an infected mosquito is expected to be very low during the events, it cannot be excluded that Zika-infected travellers will return to regions of the EU where competent vectors are active. This may create an opportunity for local vector-borne transmission.
Risk of importation and transmission in the continental EU
The risk of transmission of Zika virus infection is extremely low in the EU during the early spring season as the climatic conditions are not suitable for the activity of the Aedes albopictus mosquitoes.
The suitable conditions for Aedes albopictus activity will increase progressively during the spring (April to June) especially in southern Europe. For the months April to June, the International Research Institute for Climate and Society of the Earth Institute (University of Colombia, US) predicts above-normal temperatures in western Europe coinciding with a normal precipitation pattern, which might result in an early start of the mosquito activity season in southern Europe [86].
During the summer season most likely from July by analogy with other mosquito-borne disease transmission in the EU, autochthonous transmission in the continental EU following the introduction of the virus by a viraemic traveller is possible in areas where Aedes albopictus is established
lunes, 21 de marzo de 2016
La ECDC, el Ae Albopictus y el ZIKV en Europa
En el ECDC en Rapid risk assessment: Zika virus disease epidemic: potential association with microcephaly and Guillain–Barré syndrome, fourth update en la página 8 dice:
Risk of importation and transmission in the continental EU
(........)
The risk of transmission of Zika virus infection in the EU is variable and depends on several co-factors, for example:
The presence of a potential mosquito vector: Aedes albopictus is established in most places around the Mediterranean coast [66].
The competence of Aedes albopictus to transmit Zika virus, which depends on characteristics of the pathogen (strain-specific vector competence) and of the mosquito species. Onward transmission from imported cases within the continental EU is possible because Aedes albopictus might be considered a competent vector for the transmission of Zika virus, although a recent study showed an unexpected low vector competence of this species [18]. The vector competence of this species has not yet been confirmed for European mosquito populations; experiments with European Aedes albopictus populations are ongoing [67,68].
The capacity of the vector to transmit the infection is determined by a number of factors such as vector competence, the mosquito population density, feeding host preferences, biting rates and survival of the mosquito population. Spatial variation in vector capacity is expected in areas where Aedes albopictus is present, and further depends on environmental conditions and locations. In practice, the presence of a competent vector in a location is necessary, but is not sufficient to allow further transmission when an arbovirus is introduced in a mosquito’s population.
The risk of transmission of Zika virus infection is extremely low in the EU during the winter season as the climatic conditions are not suitable for the activity of the Aedes albopictus mosquito. During the summer season, autochthonous transmission in the EU following the introduction of the virus by a viraemic traveller is possible in areas where Aedes albopictus is established [66]. For the months March to May, the International Research Institute for Climate and Society predicts above-normal temperatures in Europe coinciding with a normal precipitation pattern, which might result in an early start of the mosquito activity season in southern Europe [69].
Sobre el Ae Albopictus en la ECDC existen unos mapas ( Mosquito maps ) interesantes
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